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How would you go about constructing an executive summary in a long report

Write it last, aim for 1 page (or 5–10% of the full report), and focus on what the decision-maker needs to know — not the methodology.

Step-by-step:

  • Identify the audience and the one decision you want to influence.
  • Pull the essentials: purpose, scope, key findings, conclusions, top 3–5 recommendations, and projected impacts/metrics.
  • Lead with a one-sentence statement of purpose and the recommended decision.
  • Summarize each essential element in 1–2 short paragraphs or bullets; quantify outcomes (cost, time, ROI) where possible.
  • Note critical assumptions and two main limitations—keep them brief.
  • Use active voice, plain language, and bullets for readability; avoid technical detail and citations.
  • Close with a clear, prioritized call to action and next steps (owner and timeline).
  • Edit ruthlessly: remove jargon, tighten sentences, check that it stands alone and matches the report’s conclusions.

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